Man Ther. 2008 Feb;13(1):37-42. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders.
Man Ther. 2007 May;12(2):98-108. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
Mulligan's mobilization-with-movement, positional faults and pain relief: current concepts from a critical review of literature.
The Mulligan Concept
Related Authors: Brian Mulligan PT
"Introduction: The Physiotherapy treatment of musculoskeletal injuries has progressed from its foundation in remedial gymnastics and active exercise to therapist-applied passive physiological movements and on to therapist-applied accessory techniques. Brian Mulligan's concept of mobilisations with movement (MWMS) in the extremities and sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) in the spine are the logical continuance of this evolution with the concurrent application of both therapist applied accessory and patient generated active physiological movements.
Principles of Treatment: In the application of manual therapy techniques, Physiotherapists acknowledge that contraindications to treatment exist and should be respected at all times. Although always guided by the basic rule of never causing pain, therapist choosing to make use of SNAGS in the spine and MWMs in the extremities must still know and abide by the basic rules of application of manual therapy techniques.
Specific to the application of MWM and SNAGS in clinical practice, the following basic principles have been developed:
1) During assessment the therapist will identify one or more comparable signs as described by Maitland. These signs may be a loss of joint movement, pain associated with movement, or pain associated with specific functional activities (i.e., lateral elbow pain with resisted wrist extension, adverse neural tension).
2) A passive accessory joint mobilisation is applied following the principles of Kaltenborn (i.e., parallel or perpendicular to the joint plane). This accessory glide must itself be pain free.
3) The therapist must continuously monitor the patient's reaction to ensure no pain is recreated. Utilising his/her knowledge of joint arthrology, a well-developed sense of tissue tension and clinical reasoning, the therapist investigates various combinations of parallel or perpendicular glides to find the correct treatment plane and grade of movement.
4) While sustaining the accessory glide, the patient is requested to perform the comparable sign. The comparable sign should now be significantly improved (i.e., increased range of motion, and a significantly decreased or better yet, absence of the original pain).
5) Failure to improve the comparable sign would indicate that the therapist has not found the correct contact point, treatment plane, grade or direction of mobilisation, spinal segment or that the technique is not indicated.
6) The previously restricted and/or painful motion or activity is repeated by the patient while the therapist continues to maintain the appropriate accessory glide. Further gains are expected with repetition during a treatment session typically involving three sets of ten repetitions.
7) Further gains may be realised through the application of passive overpressure at the end of available range. It is expected that this overpressure is again, pain-free.
Self-treatment is often possible using MWM principles with adhesive tape and/or the patient providing the glide component of the MWM and the patient's own efforts to produce the active movement. Pain is always the guide. Successful MWM and Snags techniques should render the comparable sign painless while significantly improving function during the application of the technique. Sustained improvements are necessary to justify ongoing intervention."
Source
"Introduction: The Physiotherapy treatment of musculoskeletal injuries has progressed from its foundation in remedial gymnastics and active exercise to therapist-applied passive physiological movements and on to therapist-applied accessory techniques. Brian Mulligan's concept of mobilisations with movement (MWMS) in the extremities and sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) in the spine are the logical continuance of this evolution with the concurrent application of both therapist applied accessory and patient generated active physiological movements.
Principles of Treatment: In the application of manual therapy techniques, Physiotherapists acknowledge that contraindications to treatment exist and should be respected at all times. Although always guided by the basic rule of never causing pain, therapist choosing to make use of SNAGS in the spine and MWMs in the extremities must still know and abide by the basic rules of application of manual therapy techniques.
Specific to the application of MWM and SNAGS in clinical practice, the following basic principles have been developed:
1) During assessment the therapist will identify one or more comparable signs as described by Maitland. These signs may be a loss of joint movement, pain associated with movement, or pain associated with specific functional activities (i.e., lateral elbow pain with resisted wrist extension, adverse neural tension).
2) A passive accessory joint mobilisation is applied following the principles of Kaltenborn (i.e., parallel or perpendicular to the joint plane). This accessory glide must itself be pain free.
3) The therapist must continuously monitor the patient's reaction to ensure no pain is recreated. Utilising his/her knowledge of joint arthrology, a well-developed sense of tissue tension and clinical reasoning, the therapist investigates various combinations of parallel or perpendicular glides to find the correct treatment plane and grade of movement.
4) While sustaining the accessory glide, the patient is requested to perform the comparable sign. The comparable sign should now be significantly improved (i.e., increased range of motion, and a significantly decreased or better yet, absence of the original pain).
5) Failure to improve the comparable sign would indicate that the therapist has not found the correct contact point, treatment plane, grade or direction of mobilisation, spinal segment or that the technique is not indicated.
6) The previously restricted and/or painful motion or activity is repeated by the patient while the therapist continues to maintain the appropriate accessory glide. Further gains are expected with repetition during a treatment session typically involving three sets of ten repetitions.
7) Further gains may be realised through the application of passive overpressure at the end of available range. It is expected that this overpressure is again, pain-free.
Self-treatment is often possible using MWM principles with adhesive tape and/or the patient providing the glide component of the MWM and the patient's own efforts to produce the active movement. Pain is always the guide. Successful MWM and Snags techniques should render the comparable sign painless while significantly improving function during the application of the technique. Sustained improvements are necessary to justify ongoing intervention."
Source
Mechanism of Action
CORE LIST - Sponsored by the The Mulligan Concept.
Man Ther. 2006 Oct 25; [Epub ahead of print]
The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders.
Man Ther. 2004 May;9(2):77-82.
The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on dorsiflexion and pain in subacute ankle sprains.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;37(3):100-7.
Efficacy of a C1-C2 self-sustained natural apophyseal glide (SNAG) in the management of cervicogenic headache.
Man Ther. 2007 Oct 19 [Epub ahead of print]
Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) are an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness.
Phys Ther. 2003 Apr;83(4):374-83.
Hypoalgesic and sympathoexcitatory effects of mobilization with movement for lateral epicondylalgia.
Man Ther. 2006 Oct 25; [Epub ahead of print]
The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders.
Man Ther. 2004 May;9(2):77-82.
The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on dorsiflexion and pain in subacute ankle sprains.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;37(3):100-7.
Efficacy of a C1-C2 self-sustained natural apophyseal glide (SNAG) in the management of cervicogenic headache.
Man Ther. 2007 Oct 19 [Epub ahead of print]
Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) are an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness.
Phys Ther. 2003 Apr;83(4):374-83.
Hypoalgesic and sympathoexcitatory effects of mobilization with movement for lateral epicondylalgia.
Reviews/Trails/Studies
Man Ther. 2007 May;12(2):98-108. Epub 2006 Sep 7.Mulligan's mobilization-with-movement, positional faults and pain relief: current concepts from a critical review of literature.
Man Ther. 2006 May;11(2):130-5. Epub 2005 Jul 11.Mulligan bent leg raise technique--a preliminary randomized trial of immediate effects after a single intervention.
Man Ther. 2006 May;11(2):130-5. Epub 2005 Jul 11.Mulligan bent leg raise technique--a preliminary randomized trial of immediate effects after a single intervention.
Friday, May 2, 2008
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